Under the concept of cognitive disorder are included the alterations of one or more cognitive functions responsible for processing and storing information. These include the areas of perception, attention, language or memory. Among the most frequent alterations are delirium, amnesia, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc. In addition, some acquired impairments and disorders (such as stroke or head trauma) also cause cognitive impairments. Among the infant population, cognitive development disorders affecting the area of language or attention, such as attention deficit and hyperactivity, are also common.