Acute respiratory failure is a significant alteration of the respiratory function that compromises the normal gas exchange between the environment and the blood. The reduction of oxygen in the blood leads to tachycardia, increased blood pressure, cyanosis, difficulty thinking, instability of movements, while the excess of carbon dioxide causes anxiety, confusion, drowsiness up to coma and death. The main causes are attributable to pulmonary dysfunctions (asthma, emphysema, COPD, pneumonia, hemothorax …), cardiac dysfunctions (pulmonary edema, stroke, arrhythmias …), substance intoxication, air pollution, neurological diseases.